Colorectal Cancer: Warning Signs and Why Screening Starts at 45

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, and it's being diagnosed more often in adults under 50. The encouraging news: when found early, it is highly treatable. Knowing the warning signs and keeping up with screening are two of the best things you can do for your health.

Warning signs of colorectal cancer

• Blood in or on the stool, or very dark stools
• A lasting change in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation or narrower stools
• A feeling that your bowel doesn't empty completely
• Ongoing belly pain, cramping or bloating
• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
• Iron-deficiency anemia found on blood work

Why screening starts at 45

National guidelines now recommend that adults at average risk begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. Screening can find cancer early and, with colonoscopy, can remove polyps before they ever become cancer.

You may need to start earlier if you have a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, or certain genetic conditions. Talk with your doctor about the right test and timing for you.

Screening options

• Colonoscopy: looks at the entire colon and allows polyps to be removed during the same test
• Stool-based tests: done at home; a positive result needs a follow-up colonoscopy
• Other imaging tests: such as CT colonography, in some cases

If cancer is found

Surgery is a key part of treatment for most colon and rectal cancers. The goal is to remove the cancer and nearby lymph nodes while protecting normal bowel function whenever possible. Many colorectal operations can now be done with robotic (da Vinci®) techniques through small incisions, which may mean less pain and a faster recovery than open surgery.

At California Surgical Specialists, our surgeons include a double-board certified specialist in colon and rectal surgery, and we work closely with oncologists to coordinate your care.

This article is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for medical advice. If you have symptoms, please see your healthcare provider.